|
High Performance Wheels
Selling high
performance tires provides a great opportunity to include high performance
wheels as an important & profitable part of your business. High
performance wheels are available for most applications to both improve the
appearance of a vehicle & complement the performance of replacement tires.
|
To assure correct
fitment, proper replacement wheel size, dimension & load-carrying capacity
are critical. Always consult the wheel manufacturer/distributor's literature
to verify that the desired wheel & tire combination is an acceptable
application for the vehicle.
|
Wheel Width
Choosing the wheel's width is important to assuring customer satisfaction.
In addition to correct fitment, the wheel's width also influences handling
& ride quality. Always choose a rim width within the range of the tire's
acceptable rim width specifications.
- Choosing a wider rim: increases vehicular stability,
steering response & cornering ability. A rule of thumb is to use a rim
width 90% as wide as the tread width (not section width) of a performance
tire for street applications. This provides a good balance between
performance & ride quality. Always be sure that the chosen rim width is
within the tire's range of acceptable rim width specifications.
- Choosing a narrow rim: results in an improvement in
ride quality, but may sacrifice the tire's ultimate performance
capabilities.
- Choosing a mid-range rim width: provides a balance
between handling capabilities & ride quality.
An example of a proper application would be to use a 15" x
6" wheel for a 205/70VR15 tire. Never attempt to mix millimetric wheels &
tires with standard inch wheels & tires. An improper application would be
mounting a 200/60R390 size tire on any 15" wheel. A 390mm tire is designed
to fit on a wheel with a diameter of approximately 15.35" with a
non-standard bead seat.
|
Warning:
According to RMA guidelines, there is danger in installing a tire of one rim
diameter on a rim of a different rim diameter. Always replace a tire on a
rim with another tire of exactly the same rim diameter designation &
suffix letters. For example: a 16" tire goes with a 16" rim. Never mount a
16" size diameter tire on a 16.5" rim. While it is possible to pass a 16"
diameter tire over the lip or flange of a 16.5" size diameter rim, it cannot
be inflated enough to position itself against the rim flange. If an attempt
is made to seat the tire bead by inflating, the tire bead will break with
explosive force & could cause serious injury or death.
|
High Performance Wheels
The following are various high performance wheel measurements that play an
important role in determining tire & wheel fitment:
Wheel Backspace
This is the distance from the back edge of the wheel to the hub mounting
surface. To determine the wheel backspace:
- Position the wheel face down.
- Lay a straight-edge across the back of the wheel.
Measure the distance from the straight-edge to the wheel's hub mounting
surface.
Wheel Offset
The wheel's offset is the distance from its hub mounting surface to the
centerline of the wheel. The offset of a wheel can be one of three settings:
- Zero offset: The hub mounting surface is even with the
centerline of the wheel.
- Positive offset: The hub mounting surface is toward the
front or wheel side of the wheel. Positive offset wheels are generally
found on front-wheel drive cars.
- Negative offset: The hub mounting surface is toward the
back or brake side of the wheel's centerline. "Deep dish" wheels are
typically negative offset. Offset can be calculated by positioning the
wheel on a flat surface & measuring its overall width & backspace as
shown below. Divide the overall width by two, then subtract this result
from the backspace value.
|

Bolt Circle
When considering custom wheels for a specific application, it is imperative
that the wheel's bolt circle matches that of the intended vehicle. The bolt
circle is the diameter of an imaginary circle formed by the centers of the
wheel lugs. The bolt circle reference is designed to accommodate 4-, 5-, 6-
& 8-lug patterns. A bolt circle marked 5-100 (Chevrolet Cavalier, for
example) indicates a 5-lug pattern with a diameter of 100mm. Consult the rim
manufacturer's literature for bolt circle information for each application.
If there is no information available, you may need to calculate the bolt
circle.
|
4-, 6-, or 8-lug patterns:
Record the distance between the centers of two holes directly opposite one
another.
5-lug pattern:
Estimate by measuring from the center of one hole to the far side (outside,
not center) of a non-adjacent hole. The diagram below illustrates the proper
measuring methods. |

Hub-Centricity vs. Lug-Centricity
Another important consideration in the proper selection of custom wheels is
the concept of hub-centricity. This refers to a situation where the center
bore hole of the wheel exactly matches the vehicle's hub diameter. In other
words, if the vehicle's hub diameter is 56mm (e.g., Acura Integra), the
wheel's center bore hole should be designed to match it perfectly.
|
Hub-Centricity
When automobile manufacturers design a vehicle, they utilize hub-centric
wheels so that:
- The wheels are positioned very precisely on the car.
- The possibility of shifting while being mounted is
minimized.
|
Lug-Centricity
The alternative to a hub-centric wheel is known as lug-centric.
- The wheels are located solely by the lug nuts rather
than the wheel hub.
- As the lug nuts are tightened, they adjust the wheel's
position relative to the hub, thus centering the wheel.
- Properly torqued, the lug nuts continue to keep the
wheel centered as the vehicle is driven.
Lug-centric wheels require extra care in mounting on a
vehicle. When using shouldered nuts instead of tapered nuts, take extra care
to properly locate the wheel. Never use air tools to install high
performance wheels! Always use a torque wrench & follow accepted
tightening procedures. |
|